Asia’s bountiful rice fields have fed the world for centuries, but the industry now faces a threat from a weedy “cousin” of the staple that has proliferated due in part to poor farming practices.
Mealy in texture with dark pigmentation and unfit for consumption, weedy rice can grow rapidly and taller than the regular crop varieties, depriving the latter of soil nutrients and sunlight. As a result of the invasive weedy rice, harvest quality, yields and in turn market value of regular rice have declined significantly in recent years. “They have become feral through a sort of accidental selection. They will eventually stick out over a crop field, but the problem is that by the time they are visible, there can often be quite an infestation,” Kenneth Olsen, Professor of Biology at Washington University, told This Week in Asia. “A major weedy rice infestation can reduce crop harvests in a given field by over 80 per cent,” he said. According to the World Economic Forum, Asian rice producers account for more than 80 per cent of global supply. Olsen was part of an international team including biologists in the United States, Thailand, Malaysia and China who have analysed the menace in a new study. The origins of weedy rice are unclear, although farmers first reported its presence about two decades ago. A high proportion of its varieties in East Asia appears to be directly descended from hybrid rice varieties introduced in the 1980s, Olsen said. Other varieties of weedy rice have also crossbred with wild rice varieties in Asia. “These very aggressive weedy forms can outcompete other rice crops [in terms of growth],” he said. According to several studies, weedy rice appears to be linked to certain cultivated rice varieties in Japan, South Korea and China. It only requires a small amount of weedy rice plants per square metre to cause huge damage to the harvest of cultivated rice, Olsen said. For instance, the US saw crop losses equivalent to an amount that was sufficient to feed 12 million people due to the damage caused by weedy rice in the last few years, he added. Some of the weedy varieties are highly effective at dispersing their seeds in rice fields because of a certain genetic mutation. “These seeds can lie dormant and be perfectly viable for 20 years,” Olsen said. Major rice producer Thailand had reported losses of about 10 per cent of its output as a result of the weedy rice problem in recent years, said Tonapha Pusadee, one of the study’s co-authors. Some studies show that weedy rice varieties found in Southeast Asia have branched off into different evolutionary pathways, including several that originated from cultivated rice. Thai farmers have resorted to several ways to deal with weedy rice, such as cutting the panicles, or the top portions, of their rice crops, using a chemical in a bid to eliminate the problem and planting rice for only one season, Pusadee said.
0 Comments
China Road and Bridge Corporation has not yet repaired the damage done by highway construction to the UNESCO-protected Tara River, Montenegro's environmental agency confirms. Montenegro’s Agency for Environmental Protection reported recently that China Road and Bridge Corporation, CRBC, has not yet corrected the damage done to the Tara River, part of which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which occurred during construction of the Bar-Boljare highway. A BIRN investigation showed that the Chinese company was obliged to correct the damage by July 2022. “Projected remediation measures have not yet been completed … We expect that, in the coming period, CRBC will fully realize all the obligations, otherwise we will do it ]ourselves] at the expense of the Chinese company,” the agency told BIRN. “CRBC has so far corrected the left bank of the river, rehabilitated the local macadam road, and remedied the bed of the Tara River to a length of about 500 meters,” the Agency specified. The Bar-Boljare highway represents the Montenegrin leg of a larger highway running from the Adriatic coast to the Serbian capital, Belgrade. CRBC is building the Montenegrin leg and 85 per cent of the first section is being covered by a $944 million loan from China’s Exim Bank. On July 13, 2023, the first section of the highway was officially opened, seven years after the Chinese-financed project started, driving up Montenegro’s public debt to 90.85 per cent of GDP. In June 2019, the local watchdog NGO MANS warned that the highway’s construction was devastating the Tara River, including its UNESCO-protected area, stressing that the construction of bridges and the exploitation and disposal of gravel and sand had damaged the riverbed. After the Environmental Protection Agency determined the damage, a remediation plan with CRBC was determined on August 2, 2021. But civic organisations criticized the remediation measures approved by the Agency, stating that the rehabilitation of only 500 meters of river bed was not enough because more than six kilometres of the river course has been damaged. Lazar Grdinic, from MANS, said there have been no serious efforts to rehabilitate the devastated part of the Tara riverbed and even partially restore it. “So far, there are no serious scientific studies that would give a definitive answer to the question of the extent of the devastation,” Grdinic told BIRN. The head of the local Sports Fishing Club, Momir Zivkovic, also said highway construction had destroyed both the river and its fish stock. In April 2018, the club received a concession to manage fish stocks on part of the Tara, but, due to the devastation of the river, it had demanded compensation from the Chinese company.
“In the past, dozens of fish could be caught on Tara in one day. Today, the situation with the fish stock is a catastrophic, and you can hardly meet a fisherman here, ” Zivkovic told BIRN. BIRN was not able to contact CRBC. Nicknamed the “tear of Europe”, the Tara is considered one of the most beautiful rivers on the continent, and its deep canyons are popular among river rafters. In its 2019 progress report on the country, the European Commission urged Montenegro to prevent possible environmental damage being done to the Tara in the context of the highway. Chinese migrants are flocking to the southern border of the USA and some have Chinese TikTok guides on how to enter the USA.
Over four days, journalists observed nearly 600 migrants, some of whom were Chinese, crossing the border through a gap at the end of a border fence near San Diego. Chinese migrants who spoke to 60 Minutes said they learned about the gap via the video application Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok. The Chinesehad reviewed several Douyin posts, which gave detailed instructions on how migrants could hire smugglers to get to the border. And the journey is no walk in the park either. Chinese migrants hoping to start a new life in the US have to trek through multiple countries before they arrive stateside. Some have had to crisscross through Turkey, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama and then Mexico, per CNN. There has been a surge in the number of Chinese migrants entering the US through its borders. According to data from the US Customs and Border Protection, the number of encounters the agency has had with Chinese nationals at the Southwest land border has increased more than 50-fold, from 450 people in 2021 to 24,314 in 2023. Chinese social media platforms have been a boon for migrants hoping to enter the US. In April, Reuters interviewed more than two dozen Chinese migrants entering the US via southeastern Texas. All the migrants that Reuters spoke to said that social media had helped them to plan their journey. It's not just China. Content creators from Venezuela and India have been producing similar videos as well. "Migration sells. My public is a public that wants a dream," Venezuelan Manuel Monterrosa, 35, told The New York Times in a story published in December. A representative for the Department of Homeland Security told BI that the department was "experiencing historical global migration." "DHS is working with our partners throughout the hemisphere and around the world to disrupt the criminal networks who take advantage of and profit from vulnerable migrants," the representative said. Last week, a Hong Kong court ruled that the largest indebted property developer in the world, Evergrande, would be liquidated, two years after the company defaulted on its debt in late 2021.
Much of the media reporting on the decision focused on whether foreign creditors would ever recoup their losses from Evergrande, as the Chinese government has already said it will prioritize completing the group’s existing projects, though how this will happen is less clear. But beyond the question of who will get repaid, Evergrande’s liquidation opens up a slew of larger and more profound questions about the future of the Chinese economy, especially the relationships between the central government, local governments, the private sector and households. The liquidation of Evergrande is not an accident. It is part of a larger crackdown on the private sector and government collusion that President Xi Jinping launched at the very start of his term, beginning in 2013 with the Anti-Corruption Campaign, which has become one of the most consequential and longest-running campaigns in the history of the People’s Republic of China. Taken as a whole, this crackdown has fundamentally changed the relationship between the Communist Party and the business community, creating deep distrust and fear, while leading to capital flight and a deep downturn in confidence. The Anti-Corruption Campaign was followed by other policies that put the private sector on notice that old patterns of behavior would no longer be tolerated. Xi’s “new normal” would include more discipline and oversight. Xi’s confidence in the ability of his government to implement this crackdown expanded enormously in late 2020 and early 2021, coinciding with the regime’s successful management of the COVID-19 pandemic before the arrival of the incredibly infectious omicron variant. Xi made numerous speeches and statements at the time about the importance of “common prosperity” and the need to crack down on “disorderly capital,” while also emphasizing his dislike of real estate development as investment, epitomized by his oft-quoted mantra that “houses are for living in.” The “three red lines” policy, which reined in debt-fueled property development and directly targeted firms like Evergrande that were enormously leveraged, dates back to this period. In addition to launching the attack on the over-leveraged property sector, Chinese authorities canceled the IPO of Ant Financial, forced the rewinding of Didi’s listing on the N.Y. Stock Exchange, banned private tutoring and nationalized gray rhinos, as large firms that create systemic risk, such as Anbang Insurance and HNA, are known. At the same time, in his speeches on “common prosperity,” Xi vaguely alluded to new forms of taxation and redistribution so that China would eventually become an “olive-shaped society” with a large middle class and relatively few rich and poor. But crackdowns alone cannot substitute for the deep structural reform that the Chinese economy desperately needs. Any viable solution to the property crisis and to local government’s fiscal health requires that China’s central government take on more responsibility and more accountability. Xi must shift from being a disciplinarian to accepting that these problems are not only rooted in the bad behavior of corrupt officials, greedy capitalists or overextended households. All of these actors were responding to incentives set up by China’s development model, which grew increasingly dependent on real estate and land development for growth. So while Xi talks frequently about high-quality development as the “hard truth” of his administration, this is unlikely to be achieved without a fundamental shift in responsibility upward toward the central government. In other words, it’s not just local governments and private entrepreneurs who must change their behavior—the central government must as well. Given the scale of the current crisis—over 1.5 million home purchasers are still waiting for residences that they have already paid Evergrande for—it’s possible that local governments will still be held responsible for finding other viable real estate developers to take over the unfinished projects in their regions. But local governments are themselves deeply in debt for both related and unrelated reasons. Local governments were caught up in the same frenzy of real estate development and land sales for years. But they are also reeling from debt related to COVID-19 management and testing, as well as from the basic structure of their fiscal relations with the central government, which leaves them with many mandates to fund social security and public goods like education, but without enough resources to do so. This fiscal imbalance is one of the primary reasons that local governments became so reliant on land speculation and real estate development in the first place, because in a period of ever-rising property prices, it provided much-needed revenue. It was also, not coincidentally, an excellent mechanism for local officials to collude with real estate developers to become personally wealthy. As a result, local governments are implicated in the accumulated problems of overinvestment and corruption. But any long-term solution will require changes to the tax system, so that they have sufficient tax revenue to pay for the disproportionate amount of governance they are tasked with. This will by necessity include more directly taxing both the wealthy and property, and directing more tax revenue to localities instead of the central government. Requiring local governments to find “viable developers” to take over Evergrande’s unfinished homes also ignores how Evergrande’s problems are only the tip of the iceberg of real estate development debt. It is not even clear which developers are viable enough to take on the burden of finishing the homes Evergrande has already been paid for, while also attempting to make money on new development, given China’s significant overbuilding and declining property values. A new International Monetary Fund report on the Chinese economy estimates that China’s fundamental demand for housing will decrease by 50 percent over the next decade, even as media reports indicate a current oversupply in excess of 50 million homes. The real estate sector cannot deal with these problems alone, but most local governments are in no position to help. An effective solution will require that the central government allow for substantial restructuring of existing firms and perhaps direct bailouts to households currently left holding the bag. The IMF estimates that such measures will cost about 5 percent of GDP but will be offset by avoiding longer-term losses. For households, the real estate sector’s unraveling is hitting their pocketbooks directly. Because of China’s presale model of development, households have already paid for the promised properties, so they cannot be expected to pay more, especially when the value of these future properties are going down. Meanwhile, investments in existing property are the most important source of wealth for China’s urbanites, representing about 70 percent of household wealth. So the contraction in the real estate sector, while necessary, will make many Chinese poorer. Employment opportunities have also worsened, as the real estate decline affects not just construction, but everything else tied to property, from landscaping to interior design. All of these impacts will exacerbate the problem of consumer confidence, inducing households to save rather than spend, an incentive structure that is already reinforced by China’s weak social safety net. This in turn means that China will be forced to look to external markets to absorb excess capacity in everything from building materials to electric vehicles, further exacerbating imbalances that are complicating China’s relations with trade partners. Once again, any effective policy to address the problem of consumer confidence will similarly require more support from the central government and improvements to China’s underfunded and shallow welfare state. The risk of social unrest is still low due to strong state capacity to repress street protests. But Chinese households have already shown ingenious ways to express their displeasure through inaction, such as not paying mortgages and not seeking employment—the practice known as lying flat. Beijing has accomplished much with Xi’s dramatic crackdowns as he seeks to shift China’s development in a new and more sustainable direction. But the crackdowns are only the first step. They need to be followed by increased support for local governments from the central government. So far, Xi has deftly yielded sticks. Much will depend on whether he can now do the same with carrots. Chinese sporting authorities have cancelled next month's friendly international between Argentina and Nigeria amid a growing backlash against Lionel Messi's failure to play in an Inter Miami match in Hong Kong last week.
Argentina were scheduled to play Nigeria in the Chinese city of Hangzhou next month before facing the Ivory Coast in Beijing, but Messi's failure to take the field for Inter Miami in Hong Kong on Sunday caused widespread anger among fans. The organiser of the Hong Kong match said they would give fans a 50 percent refund for tickets after the Argentine did not take the field due to injury, but played in Japan days later. The backlash grew on Friday, with Hangzhou sports authorities saying that Argentina's friendly against Nigeria would no longer take place. "As a commercial event, a company and the Argentinean soccer team negotiated that the team would play a friendly match in March this year in the city of Hangzhou," the Hangzhou authorities said in a statement. "In view of the current well-known reasons, according to the competent authorities, conditions to hold the friendly match are not mature, therefore (we) have decided to cancel it." It was not immediately clear if Argentina's other friendly against Ivory Coast in Beijing would also be cancelled. The Chinese FA did not immediately respond to an emailed request for comment sent outside normal business hours. The Argentine FA also did not immediately respond to an emailed request for comment. Tatler Asian, a privately owned publishing and lifestyle company, said in a statement on its Instagram page that it was "deeply sorry" and "heartbroken" that fans were let down after Messi stayed on the bench during Sunday's match. The match in Hong Kong drew 40,000 fans, with some spectators paying up to $1000 per ticket. The cost of all match tickets bought from official channels can be 50 percent refunded, Tatler said, adding that it had been in discussions with the Hong Kong government to resolve the issue. Inter Miami head coach Gerardo "Tata" Martino said Messi was deemed unfit to play in the friendly in Hong Kong, but he came on as a 60th minute substitute against Vissel Kobe on Wednesday. "When we learned that Messi would not be playing, we pleaded with Inter Miami CF ownership and management to urge him to stand up, engage with the spectators and explain why he couldn't play," Tatler said. "He didn't. The fact that Messi and (team mate Luis) Suarez played in Japan on Feb. 7 feels like another slap in the face." In the match in Tokyo, entire blocks of seats at the Japan National Stadium were unoccupied, with just 28,614 tickets sold. Chinese state media, Hong Kong politicians and some fans swiftly condemned Messi's participation in the Japan match, with state-controlled Global Times writing that his absence posed many questions on the differential treatment for Hong Kong. In a statement, Hong Kong's government said Tatler Asia had made its best effort to arrange a refund, adding that many people had questions about the incident. "The government hopes that the Inter Miami team will eventually provide a reasonable explanation to Hong Kong citizens and fans who came to Hong Kong to watch the game." Tatler Asia said Inter Miami had committed to ensuring that their top players, including Messi and Uruguay's Suarez, would play for 45 minutes unless injured. It said it had hoped to create an iconic moment in support of the government's efforts to remind the world how relevant and exciting Hong Kong is. "That dream is broken today for us and all those who bought tickets to see Messi on the pitch." Chinese investors and households were major gold consumers in 2023 amid strong global demand for the safe-haven metal, the World Gold Council’s quarterly report has shown.
According to the publication, Chinese investment demand for gold – spanning bars and coins – jumped 28% last year to 280 tons. Jewelry consumption was also up 10% to 630 tons. Overall, gold purchases reached nearly 960 tons in 2023. “China was key to a lot of what was happening last year,” said Louise Street, senior market analyst at the WGC. “When you look at the consumer sector, China is not the price-setting factor but it is providing a floor.” The world’s second-biggest consumer, India, saw total gold purchases slide to 748 tons in 2023. It was followed by the US (249 tons), Türkiye (201.6 tons), and Iran (71.8 tons). The top ten also included Russia, Germany, Egypt, Vietnam, and Saudi Arabia. The report indicated that together with “blistering” demand from global central banks, Chinese consumer demand helped push the yellow metal’s price to record highs in December and keep it above $2,000 per troy ounce this year. According to the WGC, total worldwide gold demand in 2023 was the highest on record at 4,899 tons, with annual bar and coin investment seeing a mild contraction and annual jewelry consumption holding steady at 2,093 tons. China’s troubled real-estate giant the Evergrande Group has been ordered to liquidate, a move that could deal a new blow to confidence in the world’s second-largest economy. A Hong Kong court made the ruling on Monday after the company failed to convince a judge it had a workable plan to restructure some $300bn in debts. “It would be a situation where the court says enough is enough,” judge Linda Chan said. “I consider that it is appropriate for the court to make a winding up order against the company, and I so order.” The ruling follows 18 months of legal wrangling after creditor Top Shine, in 2022, filed a petition to wind up the developer in a bid to recoup its losses. Evergrande, the world’s most indebted developer, had been granted a brief reprieve in December after arguing it needed time to refine its restructuring plan. Chan said the court had in December “made it very clear it expected to see a fully formulated and viable proposal”. Evergrande Executive Director Shawn Siu called the ruling regrettable but said the group would do “everything possible to safeguard the stability of its domestic business and operation”, which he said is independent of its Hong Kong arm. Evergrande’s default on repayments to international investors in 2021, after Beijing began cracking down on excessive borrowing for real estate, sent shockwaves through China’s property sector, which accounts for an estimated 15-30 percent of the economy. More than 50 Chinese real-estate developers have defaulted or missed payments during the past three years, according to credit ratings agency Standard and Poor’s (S&P).
Hong Kong-listed shares in Evergrande plunged by more than 20 percent following the ruling on Monday, before the city’s stock exchange halted trading in the stock. The move is the latest in a series of warning signs for China’s $18 trillion economy, whose post-COVID recovery is facing challenges ranging from crackdowns on private industry to a declining population and an exodus of foreign capital. China’s official gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 5.2 percent last year was the worst performance in decades, excluding the COVID-19 pandemic. “Evergrande’s liquidation will pose more challenges to itself and other developers, but it will only have a limited impact on the already battered property sector and the macroeconomy,” Gary Ng, an economist at Natixis in Hong Kong, said. “Household sentiment is already very cautious of units from troubled developers, and it is unlikely to worsen further. However, it may still delay the recovery of the home market and the weaker confidence may linger longer.” After Monday’s ruling in Hong Kong, the fate of Evergrande’s asset sheet is uncertain. While China signed an agreement with Hong Kong to recognise insolvency and restructuring proceedings in the Chinese cities of Shenzhen, Shanghai and Xiamen, it is unclear whether mainland courts would sanction liquidators seizing the developer’s assets in the country. Hong Kong’s common law system, adopted during the British colonial era, is distinct from China’s Communist Party-controlled courts. In 2021, a Shenzhen court recognised insolvency proceedings in Hong Kong for the first time when it accepted the standing of liquidators for the paper manufacturing firm Samson Paper. “As most of Evergrande’s assets are in mainland China, there are uncertainties about how the creditors can seize the assets and the repayment rank of offshore bondholders,” Ng said. A video that captured the confrontation between a group of Chinese tourists and a piano-playing YouTuber at a train station in London did go viral. A confrontation erupts when British pianist Brendan Kavanag, also known as Dr.K, found himself at the center of a spat with a group of tourists waving Chinese flags at a public piano in the St Pancras International station. In the video, livestreamed on Kavanagh's DrKBoogieWoogie YouTube channel on Jan. 19, he was initially seen engaging with the tourists, referring to them as “Japanese.” At one point, he asks one of the women in the group if she'd like to dance. When she declined, he returned to the piano and commented, “Whatever, I think British girls are more fun.” Tensions escalate later in the video, when members from the Chinese group express that they want to use the piano. After vacating the piano, Kavanagh continued filming, which sparked an objection from a woman in the group. She insisted that he stop as they were filming for "Chinese TV" and their footage was "not disclosable." Kavanagh challenged her, asking which Chinese law prohibited him from filming in a public space. A man from the group reiterated their refusal to be filmed, citing their need to protect their rights and avoid having their images shared online.
As of this writing, the video of the incident got viral as it has so far garnered 4.8 million views and ignited online debates about cultural sensitivity, freedom of expression and the implications of public filming. Kavanagh claimed in a subsequent video that there were attempts to take down the livestream.
A senior official of the Iranian-backed Houthi terrorist group says Chinese and Russian vessels will have safe passage through the Red Sea.
Mohammed al-Bukhaiti, a member of the Houthi political leadership, said in an interview with the Russian outlet Izvestia that the shipping lanes around Yemen are safe to ships from China and Russia as long as vessels are not connected with Israel, Agence France-Presse reported Friday, citing Izvestia. The Houthis have said they are acting in solidarity with Palestinians amid Israel’s war against Hamas militants in Gaza and have carried out more than 30 attacks in the Red Sea. However, the Houthis have launched attacks on ships with no apparent connection with Israel, resulting in some shipping firms avoiding the shipping lanes where the Houthis have launched attacks. Major shipping companies have responded by rerouting vessels on the longer and more expensive route around Africa. The Red Sea route is a vital shipping link between Europe and Asia, carrying about 15% of the world’s maritime traffic. The Houthi rebels launched two anti-ship ballistic missiles at a U.S.-owned ship in the Gulf of Aden, the U.S. Central Command said in a statement late Thursday. The statement said the crew saw the missiles land in the water near the ship. There were no reported injuries or damage to the ship, the M/V Chem Ranger, a Marshall Island-flagged, U.S.-owned, Greek-operated tanker ship, U.S. Central Command said. Yemen’s Houthi rebels said they had carried out the attack, claiming “direct hits,” a statement on the group’s social media said. On Thursday, U.S. forces carried out more strikes against targets inside Iranian-backed, Houthi-controlled territory in Yemen, as concerns grow that the Israel-Hamas conflict could expand into a full-blown war across the Middle East. Lai Ching-te, the leader of the ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), won Taiwan's presidential elections on Saturday. The DPP champions Taiwan's separate identity and rejects China's territorial claims and Beijing had repeatedly denounced Lai as a dangerous separatist.
Lai, the current vice president, was facing two opponents for the presidency - Hou Yu-ih of Taiwan's largest opposition party the Kuomintang (KMT) and former Taipei Mayor Ko Wen-je of the small Taiwan People's Party, only founded in 2019. Both conceded defeat, reported news agency Reuters. The election held on Saturday was framed as a choice between war and peace by China. In the run-up to the elections, the opposition party, Kuomintang, warned voters that choosing Lai Ching-te could lead to unrest. Lai had said he is committed to preserving peace and the status quo across the Taiwan Strait and boosting the island's defences |
Thank you for choosing to make a difference through your donation. We appreciate your support.
Categories
All
Archives
March 2024
|